basic & Brief history of Hacking.

1st off all i just wanna clear the picture about hacking ,for every
one who heard this word he just feel curious about this word , his
imagination can go so far about hacking process think that the
hacker is avaliable to hack anything

but 4 sure that's not true , may be you have to be miracle to do
this through years and years of experience in the security field
knowing how those solid wires work and how to interfere them


i want also to tell you that there is big difference between hacker
and cracker
hacker don't do harm things , cracker exploite his experience to do
damage to what he is attacking

hacking process at the past was so compilicated as u must know every
protocol working in the layer you attack and how to deal with this
one and what is it's vulnerabilities

i mean it was just so amazing to hack something in the past , but
for now ....

the hacking process became so easy and require know experience to
attack a target ... for example

you google for attack programm,you put the ip ,then click connect

so simply you may connect the victim's pc

so here some hint's about hacking

Categories of hacker
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The hacker community, the set of people who would describe
themselves as hackers or described by others as hackers, falls into
at least four partially overlapping categories. Sometimes alternate
terms such as "cracker" are used in an attempt to more exactly
distinguish which category of hacker is intended, or when attempting
to put a contextual distance between the categories due to the
Hacker definition controversy.


[edit] Hacker: Highly skilled programmer
The positive usage of hacker is one who knows a (sometimes
specified) set of programming interfaces well enough to program
rapidly and expertly. This type of hacker is well-respected
(although the term still carries some of the meaning of hack), and
is capable of developing programs without adequate planning or where
pre-planning is difficult or impossible to achieve. This zugzwang
gives freedom and the ability to be creative against methodical
careful progress. At their best, hackers can be very productive. The
technical downside of hacker productivity is often in
maintainability, documentation, and completion. Very talented
hackers may become bored with a project once they have figured out
all of the hard parts, and be unwilling to finish off the "details".
This attitude can cause friction in environments where other
programmers are expected to pick up the half finished work, decipher
the structures and ideas, and bullet-proof the code. In other cases,
where a hacker is willing to maintain their own code, a company may
be unable to find anyone else who is capable or willing to dig
through code to maintain the program if the original programmer
moves on to a new job.

Additionally, there is sometimes a social downside associated with
hacking. The stereotype of a hacker as having gained technical
ability at a cost in social ability has historical basis in an
uncomfortable amount of factual foundation in many individuals.
While not universal, nor even restricted to hackers, the difficulty
in relating to others and the often abrasive personalities of some
hackers makes some of them difficult to work with or to organize
into teams. On the other hand, it is not uncommon for hackers to
thrive on social interaction.


[edit] Hacker: Computer and network security expert
Main article: Hacker (computer security)
In the networking sense, a hacker is one who specializes in work
with the access control mechanisms for computer and network systems.
This includes individuals who work toward maintaining and improving
the integrity of such mechanisms. However, the most common usage of
hacker in this respect refers to someone who exploits systems or
gains unauthorized access by means of clever tactics and detailed
knowledge, while taking advantage of any carelessness or ignorance
on the part of system operators. This use of hacker as intruder
(frequent in the media) generally has a strong negative connotation,
and is disparaged and discouraged within the computer community,
resulting in the modern Hacker definition controversy.

For such hackers specializing in intrusion, the highly derogatory
term script kiddies is often used to indicate those who either claim
to have far more skill than they actually have, or who exclusively
use programs developed by others to achieve a successful security
exploit.


[edit] Hacker: Hardware modifier
Main article: Hardware hacker
Another type of hacker is one who creates novel hardware
modifications. At the most basic end of this spectrum are those who
make frequent changes to the hardware in their computers using
standard components, or make semi-cosmetic themed modifications to
the appearance of the machine. This type of Hacker modifes his/her
computer for performance needs and/or aesthetics. These changes
often include adding memory, storage or LEDs and cold cathode tubes
for light effects. These people often show off their talents in
contests, and many enjoy LAN parties. At the more advanced end of
the hardware hackers are those who modify hardware (not limited to
computers) to expand capabilities; this group blurs into the culture
of hobbyist inventors and professional electronics engineering. An
example of such modification includes the addition of TCP/IP
Internet capabilities to a number of vending machines and coffee
makers during the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Hackers who have the ability to write circuit-level code, device
drivers, firmware, low-level networking, (and even more
impressively, using these techniques to make devices do things
outside of their spec sheets), are typically in very high regard
among hacker communities. This is primarily due to the enormous
difficulty, complexity and specialized domain knowledge required for
this type of work, as well as the electrical engineering expertise
that plays a large role. Such hackers are rare, and almost always
considered to be wizards or gurus of a very high degree.


[edit] Hacker stereotypes
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You can help Wikipedia by introducing appropriate citations.
There are theoretical types of hackers who are considered to possess
an atypical level of skill beyond that of other meanings of the
positive form of "hacker", which include the Guru and the Wizard.

In some portions of the computer community, a Wizard is one who can
do anything a hacker can, but elegantly; while a Guru not only can
do so elegantly, but instruct those who do not know how. In other
sub-communities, a Guru is one with a very broad degree of
expertise, while a Wizard is expert in a very narrow field. In
practice, such exact distinction are usually more at home in a RPG
world, and not often heard in actual conversation.

Within the mainstream media, hackers are often characterised as
strange, mysterious, reclusive, and especially tricky. This may be
seen as an extension of the human tendency to stigmatise what is ill-
understood, which used often to be applied to natural philosophers
who were often thought by superstitious neighbours to be wizards or
mystics. One such example was Leonardo da Vinci, who was thought to
be a necromancer due to his extensive (and extraordinary at that
time) knowledge of human anatomy and his study of dead bodies.


[edit] Recognized hackers
Due to the overlapping nature of the hacker concept space, many of
these individuals could be included in more than one category. See
also Hacker (computer security), which has a list of people in that
category, including criminal or unethical hackers.


[edit] Skilled programmers
Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the world wide web, while a student in
the 1970s, was banned from access to the Oxford University computer
for hacking access.[1]
Dan Bernstein, the author of qmail and djbdns, also a mathematician
and cryptographer.
John Carmack, a widely recognized and influential game programmer.
Through his work, he has made significant contributions to the field
of 3D computer graphics and his games have sold in the millions. In
1999, Carmack appeared as number 10 in TIME's list of the 50 most
influential people in technology.
Bill Gosper, mathematician and programmer, and contemporary of
Richard Greenblatt.
Richard Greenblatt, primary designer of the MIT Lisp machine and
pioneer of computerized chess.
Grace Hopper, the first programmer of the Mark I Calculator, also
developed the first compiler for a computer programming language.[2]
[3]
Bill Joy, the co-founder of Sun Microsystems and author of many
fundamental UNIX utilities.
Mel Kaye, the archetypal Real Programmer[4], was credited with
doing "the bulk of the programming" for the Royal McBee LGP-30 drum-
memory computer in the 1950s. Ed Nather, another hacker, published
the widely acclaimed "Story of Mel" in the 1980s.
Donald Knuth, best known for practically creating the field of
algorithm analysis, coding the TeX typesetting system, and writing
The Art of Computer Programming - one of the most respected
references in the field.
Rasmus Lerdorf, the creator of the PHP scripting language.
John McCarthy, the inventor of the Lisp programming language. Also
coined the term "Artificial Intelligence."
Rob Pike, a software engineer and author. He is best known for his
work at Bell Labs, where he was a member of the Unix team and was
involved in the creation of the Plan 9 and Inferno operating
systems.
Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson, who created Unix in 1969. Ritchie
is also notable for having created the C programming language, from
Ken Thompson's B programming language.
Guido van Rossum, the creator of the Python programming language.
Randal Schwartz, Perl programming language pioneer, billed himself
as "Just another Perl hacker (but not what the media
calls "'hacker'!)" This was in reference to characterizations made
during his criminal prosecution for unauthorized computer access.
Richard Stallman, the founder of the free software movement and the
GNU project, and original author of the GPL, Emacs, GDB, and the GNU
Compiler Collection. Acclaimed in Steven Levy's Hackers: Heroes of
the Computer Revolution as "The Last True Hacker."
Bjarne Stroustrup, the creator of the C++ programming language.
Theo de Raadt, the founder of the OpenBSD project.
Michael Tiemann, a co-founder of Cygnus Solutions, president of the
Open Source Initiative. Made many contributions to the GNU C
compiler, GNU debugger, and many other GNU development tools. Author
of the GNU C++ compiler.
Linus Torvalds, who was a computer science student at the University
of Helsinki when he began writing the Linux kernel in 1991.
Wietse Venema, best known for writing the Postfix mail system and co-
creating (with Dan Farmer) the Security Administrator Tool for
Analyzing Networks (SATAN), a remote vulnerability scanner.
Larry Wall, the creator of the Perl programming language.[5]
Steve Wozniak, a co-founder of Apple Computer (with Steve Jobs). Got
his start making devices for phone phreaking, working with John
Draper.

[edit] Security experts
Fyodor — Author of the open source Nmap Security Scanner, web site
Insecure.Org, co-author of hacking novel How to Own a Continent, and
founding member of the Honeynet Project.
Johan "Julf" Helsingius — Operated the world's most popular
anonymous remailer, the Penet remailer (called penet.fi), until he
closed up shop in September 1996.
Adrian Lamo - American hacker who gained notoriety by hacking high-
profile websites using common flaws in their webpages. Hacks include
The New York Times, AOL, MCI Worldcom, Cingular, Google, and the
NSA.
Mark Russinovich - Expert on Windows architecture and programming;
noted for identifying the limited differences between Windows NT
Server and Workstation, and discovering the 2005 Sony Rootkit
software
Bruce Schneier - Founder and CTO of Counterpane Internet Security,
Inc.[6]
Phil Zimmermann - Designer and developer of PGP that brought public-
key cryptography to the masses, and inadvertently upset the US
government which at the time considered cryptography to be a non-
exportable munition.
Solar Designer — Founder of the Openwall Project.

[edit] Hacker media personalities
Listed below are individuals who, while fitting in one or more of
the above categories, are currently more widely famous (especially
among the general public) for their media presence than their
technical accomplishments.

Loyd Blankenship (also known as The Mentor) — Former LOD member.
Author of The Conscience of a Hacker (Hacker's Manifesto).
Eric Corley (also known as Emmanuel Goldstein) — Long standing
publisher of 2600: The Hacker Quarterly and founder of the H.O.P.E.
conferences. He has been part of the hacker community since the
late '70s.
William Henry Gates III (Bill Gates) — is the co-founder and
chairman of Microsoft Corporation. Although he personally
demonstrated considerable personal coding skill early in his
company's history, he is most widely recognizable today as the
world's richest individual. Formerly CEO, in June 2006 he also
stepped down as chief software architect, with the intention of
stepping down as chairman in July 2008. [1]
Patrick K. Kroupa (also known as Lord Digital) — Former LOD member,
co-founder of MindVox, author of Phantom Access programs, and
MindVox: The Overture. Appears in over 20 books and hundreds of
media and press articles.
Kevin Mitnick — A former computer criminal who now (since his
release from prison in 2000) speaks, consults, and authors books
about social engineering and network security.
CULT OF THE DEAD COW — A high profile hacker group that has both
made news and been consulted by the media on numerous occasions.
Eric S. Raymond — One of the founders of the Open Source Initiative.
He wrote the famous text The Cathedral and the Bazaar and many other
essays. He also maintains the Jargon File for the Hacker culture,
which was previously maintained by Guy L. Steele, Jr..
Bruce Perens — Also one of the founders of the Open Source
Initiative. He was the former Debian GNU/Linux Project Leader, and
is the primary author of the Open Source Definition.
The 414s and Neal Patrick &mdash teenage hackers who gained brief
but widespread media coverage in 1983
Gary McKinnon &mdash accused of hacking into 97 United States
military and NASA computers in 2001 and 2002. [2]